Job analysis is done by doing a comprehensive analysis of the job duties and knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics that is essential for performing duties successfully and effectively for a particular job or a particular position. Job analysis is done by organizations to ensure that the hiring and selection process being used by them are valid and appropriate. An appropriate selection process helps in accurately measuring the actual requirements of the job in a fair and reliable way.
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Job analysis is essential for the following as well – workforce planning, succession planning, training, employee development, compensation, ADA compliance, and performance appraisals.
Federal/state laws and guidelines: As per the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures a thorough job analysis is required in order to support a selection procedure in a meaningful way. A job analysis should describe all important work behaviors, their relative importance, and their difficulty level.
The ADA act was passed in 1990. It is the American’s with Disabilities Act. In the context of ADA job analysis has gained for importance. As per ADA no organization should discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability because of the disability of such individual in regard to job application procedures, the hiring, advancement, or discharge of employees, employee compensation, job training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. A qualified individual with disability is an individual who is able to perform the essential functions of the employment position with or without reasonable accommodation. Employer’s judgment will be given importance with regards to which functions of the job are essential. In this regard we have to ensure that we have prepared a comprehensive written description of the job and its requirements before putting out advertisements for the job and before interviewing prospective candidates. This written description is considered as an evidence of the essential functions of a job by the federal and state laws.
Also we have to ensure that handicapped individuals and applicants are given reasonable accommodation in the work place. This is necessary as the Federal and the state laws require this to ensure that handicapped individuals are not excluded from employment on an unreasonable basis.
There should be no violation of any code of conduct. Activities should be clearly defined and should relate to the company. The main duties and responsibilities involved should be clearly outlined.
Lastly, as an organization, we must be compliant as to what was exposed during the job analysis is reported in the job description. The information that has to be included is duties, work environment, and the responsibilities that are vital and necessary to perform the job.